Predicting the potential geographic distribution of Bactrocera bryoniae and Bactrocera neohumeralis(Diptera: Tephritidae) in China using MaxEnt ecological niche modeling          下载免费PDF全文

Jing Wan  QI Guo-jun  MA Jun  Yonglin Ren  WANG Rui  Simon MCKIRDY 《农业科学学报》2020,19(8):2072-2082

Bactrocera bryoniae and Bactrocera neohumeralis are highly destructive and major biosecurity/quarantine pests of fruit and vegetable in the tropical and subtropical regions in the South Pacific and Australia. Although these pests have not established in China, precautions must be taken due to their highly destructive nature. Thus, we predicted the potential geographic distribution of B. bryoniae and B. neohumeralis across the world and in particular China by ecological niche modeling of the Maximum Entropy(Max Ent) model with the occurrence records of these two species. Bactrocera bryoniae and B. neohumeralis exhibit similar potential geographic distribution ranges across the world and in China, and each species was predicted to be able to distribute to over 20% of the globe. Globally, the potential geographic distribution ranges for these two fruit fly species included southern Asia, the central and the southeast coast of Africa, southern North America, northern and central South America, and Australia. While within China, most of the southern Yangtze River area was found suitable for these species. Notably, southern China was considered to have the highest risk of B. bryoniae and B. neohumeralis invasions. Our study identifies the regions at high risk for potential establishment of B. bryoniae and B. neohumeralis in the world and in particular China, and informs the development of inspection and biosecurity/quarantine measures to prevent and control their invasions.  相似文献   

大豆新型营养因子亚精胺的研究进展     

郑宇宏  范旭红  张云峰  孟凡凡  孙星邈  王明亮  王曙明 《大豆科学》2017,36(4)

亚精胺是在大豆中发现的又一功能性营养因子,作为一种无毒的天然物质,可通过诱导自噬作用发挥抗衰老和延长寿命的功能,同时对神经变性还具有抗氧化和消炎作用。大豆种子中亚精胺含量水平较一般谷类、蔬菜、块根农作物等植物高,研究表明大豆食品中亚精胺含量更高,说明大豆品种亚精胺含量对大豆食品保健功能起着重要作用。本文从亚精胺的营养保健作用、亚精胺含量检测方法、亚精胺在植物抗逆中的生理作用和大豆及其制品中亚精胺的研究进展4个方面进行了综述,以期为高亚精胺含量大豆材料的筛选、开展大豆亚精胺基因挖掘、选育高亚精胺含量大豆品种及开发大豆保健食品提供参考。  相似文献   

基于MaxEnt模型的可可潜在适宜分布研究     

秦晓威  郝朝运  李付鹏  谭乐和  宋应辉  赖剑雄 《热带作物学报》2016,37(5):1022-1029

根据野外采样和文献查阅,系统整理了可可的地理分布记录,并利用MaxEnt生态位模型和ArcGIS软件对可可的潜在适宜分布范围进行预测。结果表明:北美洲南部、中南美洲北部、非洲西部、亚洲东南部以及太平洋美拉尼西亚群岛地区均是可可的潜在适宜分布区域。其中,中国海南、台湾南部、云南西双版纳、广东雷州半岛也属于可可的适生范围。经ROC(Receiver operating characteristic)曲线分析法验证,MaxEnt模型的AUC(Area under curve)值为0.977,表明预测结果具有较高的可信度。各环境变量重要性的Jacknife检验表明,极端最低温度、年降雨量、年温度变化范围、最暖季降雨量对可可的潜在分布影响最大。  相似文献   

黄土丘陵区不同管理方式下草地优势种群的生态位     

张伟  何俊皓  郝文芳 《草业科学》2016,33(7):1391-1402

以吴起县杨青川流域草地为研究对象,对封育(Enclosure)、放牧(Grazing)、施肥(Fertilization)、刈割(Clipping)、灭鼠(Deratization)5种管理方式的草地群落进行调查,并运用Levins生态位宽度和Pianka生态位重叠指数对5种管理方式下主要植物种群生态位特征进行分析。结果表明,达乌里胡枝子(Lespedeza davurica)、铁杆蒿(Artemisia sacrorum)、赖草(Leymus secalinus)、猪毛蒿(Artemisia scoparia)和硬质早熟禾(Poa sphondylodes)的种群总生态位宽度较大,封育放牧施肥刈割灭鼠管理模式下,生态位宽度最大的分别是达乌里胡枝子、赖草、紫花地丁(Viola philippica)、达乌里胡枝子和猪毛蒿,生态位宽度值大于4的物种数分别为6、6、3、4和3种。不同管理方式下各种对间的重叠指数平均值由大到小依次封育放牧施肥刈割灭鼠。施肥管理中,种群间生态位宽度与生态位重叠之间存在线性关系,其它管理方式中种群生态位宽度与生态位重叠之间不存在线性关系。生态位分析表明,封育和放牧管理下种群间对资源的需求趋于相同,彼此间通过竞争共存,有利于群落演替,草地生态系统逐渐得到恢复,施肥、刈割、灭鼠管理使群落物种竞争排序发生变化,破坏了草地生态系统原有的竞争机制,导致群落向简单群落演替。从牧草发展角度出发,封育、施肥和刈割有利于优质牧草生长。  相似文献   

甘南草原3种啮齿动物的食性及其营养生态位特征     

张彩军  王小燕  姚宝辉  王缠  康宇坤  张倩  苏军虎 《草地学报》2021,29(7):1484-1490

研究啮齿动物的食性及其营养生态位特征不仅可以了解高寒草甸环境变化下物种的食性适应特征,还可探讨多种啮齿动物的种间关系。本研究采用粪便显微组织观察法,分析了甘南草原高原鼠兔（Ochotona curzoniae）、高原鼢鼠（Eospalax baileyi）和喜马拉雅旱獭（Marmota himalayana）3种啮齿动物的食性及营养生态位特征。结果发现：3种啮齿动物所采食的植物种类基本相同,但其比例各异;高原鼢鼠所采食的植物主要是珠芽蓼（Polygonum viviparum）和鹅绒委陵菜（Potentilla anserina）等杂类草,且对莎草科（Cyperaceae）植物的采食量显著高于其它两种动物,高原鼠兔主要采食禾本科（Poaceae）植物,喜马拉雅旱獭则主要采食禾本科和菊科（Asteraceae）植物;营养生态位宽度依次为喜马拉雅旱獭>高原鼢鼠>高原鼠兔,其中高原鼠兔与喜马拉雅旱獭的营养生态位重叠最大（0.52）。3种啮齿动物在食物上存在分化,营养生态位分离,是其共存的重要原因。  相似文献   

兰州引黄灌区玉米田杂草群落及生态位研究   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

马丽荣  蔺海明  陈玉梁  李荣 《草业学报》2007,16(2):111-117

对兰州引黄灌区玉米田杂草进行了研究,初步了解了其杂草种类和杂草种群的消长动态。主要杂草有打碗花、田旋花、藜、刺儿菜、荠菜、稗草、马齿苋、反枝苋、狗尾草。主要杂草的干重为藜、反枝苋、稗草分别列第1、第2和第3位。生态位的研究结果表明,藜的时间、水平、垂直生态位宽度值最高,分别为0.952 6,0.971 8,0.937 9,其危害最大;其次为反枝苋和稗草。藜、反枝苋和稗草为优势种群,与玉米存在时间、水平、垂直空间的竞争激烈,并且这3种杂草的生态位重叠值也最大,因此在使用一种除草剂时,可能会导致另两种杂草的发生与蔓延。马齿苋尽管数量最多,但其在垂直方位的生态位宽度值最小,对玉米影响小,处于劣势。除草处理各经济性状指标值均较不除草对照高,其折合产量为10 111.11 kg/hm2,较不除草处理增产36.19%。  相似文献   

Recent Advances in the Enhancement of Agroecosystem Services and Functioning by Cotton-based Intercropping Systems     

Li Xiaofei  Han Yingchun  Wang Guoping  Wang Zhanbiao  Feng Lu  Yang Beifang  Fan Zhengyi  Lei Yaping  Xiong Shiwu  Xing Fangfang  Li Yabing 《棉花学报》2013,32(5):472-482

Cotton-based intercropping systems are one of modern agriculture farming systems aiming at improving overall economic profitability of cotton field, which not only release the competition for land between other crops and cotton and increase growing area and yield of both crops, but also represent a mechanistic approach to reconciling crop production and biodiversity conservation. Recently, cotton-based intercropping systems have been widely focused and applied. Here, we reviewed the potential of cotton-based intercropping systems to reinforce agroecosystem services and functioning, including promoted plant biodiversity, improved overall productivity and economic profits, increased light use efficiency, improved cotton quality, reduced pest and disease occurrence, and suppressed weed growth. Further, the underlying mechanisms behind the enhancement of agroecosystem services and functioning by cotton-based intercropping systems through niche complementarity, interspecific facilitation, and allelopathy between intercropped species were summarized in the paper. Finally, the research prospects were also pointed out.  相似文献   

陕西省主要城市生态活度位评价与差异分析     

王丽霞  任志远  李小燕 《干旱区资源与环境》2006,20(5):6-9

文章选择黄土高原地区,颇具生态地理意义的陕西省为研究对象,在借鉴杨志峰等将生态活度位理论从自然生态系统推演到社会经济生态系统这一思想基础上,结合研究区域特点,采用层次分析法,构建生态活度位评价指标体系;消除原始数据量纲的影响,拟定标准化原则,对陕西省省辖各地市的总生态活度位及其属性进行分析评价;在SPSS统计软件环境中,以各区域总生态活度位为分类实体,进行模糊动态聚类,提出市域生态活度位的三种发展模式。评价结果表明:宝鸡、咸阳、汉中的总生态活度位为优越型,其综合值界于0.774~0.847之间;西安、安康、商洛、延安的总生态活度位为过渡型,其综合值界于0.497~0.706;铜川、榆林、渭南的总生态活度位为贫乏型,其综合值界于0.295~0.427。  相似文献   

基于模糊神经网络的农村电力短期负荷预测   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

陆琳 《农机化研究》2010,32(2)

为提高负荷预测精度,提出了一种新的模糊神经网络短期负荷预测模型。该模型将模糊系统和神经网络的优点融合在一起,并利用小生境遗传算法优化模糊神经网络参数,提升网络运算性能。某农村地区电力短期负荷预测的计算结果表明,该方法具有较好的预测效果。  相似文献   

Yin-yang Balance Therapy on Regulating Cancer Stem Cells     

XU Wei-ru  LIN Hong-sheng  CHEN Xin-yi  ZHANG Ying 《新农业》2012,31(4)

Researches have shown that cancer stem cells,regulated by the niche where they reside,are the roots of oncogenesis,relapse and metastasis.To date,very few treatments have targeted on cancer stem cells....  相似文献